先提出个提问:
I need an ice cream?
A. to do B. doing
应该怎么选择?
这道题是区分动词不定式和动名词的使用场景。
废话不多说,直接上干货,主谓一致口诀揭秘:
记住这句万能口诀:人做主用to do,物做主用doing,选择动词形式再也不纠结!
人做主语示例:我需要吃雪糕,“我”是人,所以用to do,即“need to eat”。
物做主语示例:衣服需要整理,“衣服”是物,所以用doing,即“needs tidying”。
to do ≈ "要去做"(目的 / 还没做)
doing ≈ "在做"(动作本身 / 已发生)
一、意思差不多,随便用
这几个动词后面 to do 和 doing 基本同义:
- like / love / hate / start / begin / prefer / continue
I like to read. = I like reading. (我喜欢阅读)
He started to cry. = He started crying. (他开始哭)
初学者这块不用纠结,怎么顺口怎么来。
二、意思完全不一样的(重点)
这几个词,接 to do 和 doing 意思天差地别,必须分清:
| 动词 | + to do(要去做) | + doing(在做) |
|---|---|---|
| stop | 停下(手头事)去做别的 | 停下正在做的事 |
| remember | 记得要去做(还没做) | 记得做过了(已发生) |
| forget | 忘了要去做 | 忘了做过 |
| try | 努力去做(尽力) | 试着做做看(试试另一种办法) |
| regret | 遗憾要通知你(坏消息) | 后悔做过了 |
例子:
stop to smoke → 停下(手里活)去抽烟
stop smoking → 戒烟(不再抽了)
stop smoking → 戒烟(不再抽了)
remember to lock the door → 记得要去锁门(还没锁)
remember locking the door → 记得锁过门了(已经锁了)
三、只能用 doing 的(固定跟 -ing)
这几个动词后面绝不接 to do:
- enjoy / finish / mind / avoid / suggest / consider / practice / keep / miss
口诀:"喜(欢)完(成)避(免)建(议)考(虑)练(习)保(持)错(过)"
I enjoy reading. ✅ I enjoy to read. ❌
Have you finished eating? ✅
Have you finished eating? ✅
四、只能用 to do 的(固定跟不定式)
这几个后面绝不接 doing:
- want / hope / decide / plan / agree / promise / expect / offer / learn / need
口诀:"想(要)希(望)决(定)计(划)同(意)承(诺)期(待)提(供)学(习)需(要)"
I want to go. ✅ I want going. ❌
She decided to leave. ✅
She decided to leave. ✅
小技巧:遇到不确定的词,先想它是不是"三、四"里的固定搭配;如果不是,大概率
like 那类——随便用。剩下就死记"二"里那 5 个翻脸词。现在你会了吗?